The economizer is an innovative system designed to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in data centers. It is usually useful for cooling infrastructure, which is one of the largest energy consumers.

Basically, the core principle behind an economizer is to use external environmental conditions to assist in cooling the data center. This in turn, reduces the reliance on traditional, energy-intensive cooling methods such as air conditioners and chillers.

There are two main types of economizers used in data centers:

Economizer TypeFunctionHow It WorksBenefits
Air-Side EconomizerUses outside air to cool the data center.Draws in cool outside air to lower the temperature inside the data center, expelling warmer air.Reduces the reliance on mechanical cooling systems, thereby lowering energy consumption and costs. Improves energy efficiency and sustainability.
Water-Side EconomizerUses external cold sources to cool the water in the cooling system.Engages in heat exchange between the warmer water in the system and the colder external source, such as outdoor air or water from natural bodies.Significantly reduces energy consumed by chillers and other mechanical cooling equipment, especially in cooler climates or seasons. Enhances energy savings and environmental impact.

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Air-side Economizers 

Air-side econmomizers systems use outside air to cool the data center when the external temperatures are sufficiently low. They work by drawing cool outside air into the data center and expelling warmer internal air. 

This process significantly reduces the need for mechanical cooling systems, such as air conditioners, when the outside air is at an appropriate temperature and humidity level. 

There are various ways to implement air-side economizers, including the use of dampers, fans, and filtration systems to manage air flow and ensure the quality of the air entering the data center.

Water-side Economizers

This type of economizer uses external cold sources, such as cold outdoor air or cold water from natural bodies, to assist in cooling the water used in the data center’s cooling system.

Instead of relying on chillers to cool the water used in the cooling infrastructure, water-side economizers allow for the exchange of heat between the warmer water in the system and the colder external source.

This process can significantly reduce the energy consumed by chillers and other mechanical cooling equipment—especially during cooler months or cooler climates.

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Quick Tips for Choosing the Right Ecommonizer

  • Assess local climate, such as air-side for cooler, water-side for varied climates.
  • Consider data center size/design to secure enough space for air handling affects choice.
  • Evaluate energy/cost savings, calculating ROI for both economizer types.
  • Check regulatory compliance to ensure the system meets local codes and standards.
  • Address quality, as air-side needs filtration, water-side requires water quality control.
  • Review reliability/maintenance needs, such as air-side might need more upkeep.
  • Consult experts for insights on the latest technologies and suitability.

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What does an Economizer Do for Data Center Management? – Final Words

Economizers are most beneficial in cooler climates, although their use is not exclusively limited to such areas. They can also contribute to energy savings in warmer climates during cooler periods or nighttime, provided the ambient temperature and humidity are within the desired parameters. 

That’s why it is clearly stated that the primary advantage of utilizing economizers lies in their ability to significantly reduce reliance on traditional cooling equipment like chillers, compressors, or computer room air conditioners. All this ultimately lowers energy consumption and associated costs.


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